Timber construction is building in which wood is the main load-bearing material, instead of brick, concrete or steel. This can be done with a frame of timber studs and rails (timber-frame construction) or with solid wooden panels and beams such as cross-laminated timber (CLT). Timber construction is on the rise because wood is light, quick to work with and has a low environmental impact: a growing tree stores CO₂.
Main methods of building
- Timber-frame construction (TFC) — a frame of studs and rails, sheathed on both sides, with insulation in the cavity
- Solid timber construction / CLT — cross-laminated timber: thick panels of cross-glued lamellas, used for walls and floors
- Glued laminated timber (glulam trusses) — large beams and trusses for spans
Advantages
- Low weight — lighter foundation, favourable on weak ground
- Fast, dry construction — much prefabrication, short build time, little construction moisture
- Sustainable — renewable raw material and CO₂ storage in the material
- Good insulation value — wood conducts heat poorly
Points to note
Wood requires attention to moisture (good detailing, no prolonged wetness), fire resistance (sizing and sheathing) and sound insulation between dwellings. With the right details and standards these are well-manageable matters.
Related terms
- Timber-frame construction
- CLT
- Glulam truss
- Timber
- Sustainable building
- Prefab
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