Fire prevention (Dutch: brandpreventie) is the collective term for all measures taken to prevent fire from starting or to limit its consequences once it occurs. It encompasses building design, material selection, maintenance procedures, and organisational measures aimed at protecting people, property, and the environment.
Passive fire prevention
Passive measures are built into the structure and work without human intervention:
- Fire-resistant walls and floors — compartmentalise a building to contain fire
- Fire-rated doors and glazing — maintain compartment integrity at openings
- Non-combustible materials — reduce the fuel available for a fire
- Firestops and penetration seals — prevent fire and smoke from travelling through service openings
Active fire prevention
Active measures require activation, either automatic or manual:
- Sprinkler systems — detect and suppress fire in its early stage
- Smoke and heat detectors — provide early warning to occupants and fire services
- Fire alarm systems — alert building occupants and trigger evacuation procedures
- Smoke ventilation — remove smoke to maintain tenable conditions for evacuation
Organisational measures
- Developing and practising evacuation plans
- Training staff in the use of portable fire extinguishers
- Regular inspection and maintenance of fire safety installations
- Keeping escape routes clear and properly signed
Application
Fire prevention is mandatory in virtually every building type, from residential homes to industrial facilities. Local building regulations and fire codes prescribe minimum requirements based on building use, occupancy, height, and fire load. Insurance companies also assess fire prevention measures when determining premiums.
Related Terms
- Fire resistance
- Fire rating
- Fire spread
- Smoke ventilation
- Fire test
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