Facade articulation is the visible division or subdivision of a facade, wall or building into separate planes, layers or zones. Through articulation, a large, flat surface gains more structure and visual rhythm. This can be achieved with horizontal bands, vertical mouldings, setbacks or changes in material.
Types of articulation
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Horizontal articulation | Division into horizontal layers (string courses, friezes, storey bands) |
| Vertical articulation | Division with vertical elements (pilasters, lesenes, projecting bays) |
| Plane articulation | Varying planes through setbacks or material differences |
| Rhythmic articulation | Regular pattern of windows, columns or niches |
Means of facade articulation
- String course: horizontal projecting band between storeys
- Pilaster: flat, wall-mounted column
- Lesene: vertical, flat wall strip without base or capital
- Projecting bay (risalit): a section of the facade that projects forward
- Decorative brickwork: ornamental patterns in the masonry
- Material change: combination of brick, render, timber
Why articulation matters
- Makes large facades visually more attractive
- Gives structure and identity to a building
- Can improve the proportions of a facade
- Helps transition between different building parts
Tips for the DIY enthusiast
- When designing an extension: match the articulation of the existing building
- Use material changes to break up a large flat facade
- Horizontal bands visually reduce the scale; vertical elements make it appear taller
Related terms
- Frieze
- Pilaster
- Projecting bay
- String course
- Cornice