What is brick general?
Brick is a collective term for fired clay stones available in numerous variants. Each variant has specific properties regarding strength, appearance, size, and application. A thorough overview of the different brick types helps in selecting the right brick for any building project.
Classification by production method
Bricks are produced using different methods. Extruded bricks (wire-cut bricks) are machine-pressed through a die and then cut to size, resulting in a smooth, uniform brick. Hand-moulded bricks are formed in moulds and have a rougher, more artisanal appearance with characteristic creases and irregularities. Water-struck bricks are formed in wet moulds, producing a fine, smooth surface texture that is often favoured for restoration work.
Classification by application
For facades, facing bricks are typically chosen for their attractive appearance and good weather resistance. Engineering bricks offer high compressive strength and low water absorption, making them suitable for foundations and below-ground work. Clinker bricks are fired at very high temperatures, making them extremely hard and ideal for paving and heavy-duty surfaces. Common bricks are general-purpose bricks used mainly for internal walls and structures that will be rendered or plastered.
Sizes and formats
Brick sizes vary by country and tradition. In the UK, the standard brick measures approximately 215 x 102.5 x 65 mm. Continental European formats differ, with the Dutch waal format (210 x 100 x 50 mm) and the German normal format (240 x 115 x 71 mm) being common. The chosen format influences the bond pattern, the visual effect of the facade, and labour costs.
Selection and quality
When selecting bricks, factors such as compressive strength, frost resistance, water absorption, and colour consistency are important. National and European standards (such as EN 771-1) define the quality requirements for bricks. Proper coordination between brick choice, mortar type, and bond pattern is essential for a durable and aesthetically pleasing result.
Related terms
- Bond pattern
- Mortar joints
- Facing brick
- Clinker
- Extruded brick
- Hand-moulded brick
- Engineering brick
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