Articulation is the visible division or subdivision of a facade, wall or building into separate planes, layers or zones. Through articulation, a large, flat surface gains more structure and visual rhythm. This can be achieved with horizontal bands, vertical strips, recesses or varying use of materials.
Types of articulation
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Horizontal articulation | Division into horizontal layers (string courses, friezes, storey bands) |
| Vertical articulation | Division with vertical elements (pilasters, lesenes, projecting bays) |
| Planar articulation | Alternating planes through recesses or material differences |
| Rhythmic articulation | Regular pattern of windows, columns or niches |
Means of facade articulation
- String course: horizontal projecting band between storeys
- Pilaster: flat column placed against the wall
- Lesene: vertical, flat wall strip without base or capital
- Projecting bay: a forward-projecting section of the facade
- Decorative brickwork: ornamental patterns in the brickwork
- Material variation: combination of brick, render, timber
Why articulation matters
- Makes large facades visually more attractive
- Gives structure and identity to a building
- Can improve the proportions of a facade
- Helps with the transition between different building sections
Tips for the DIYer
- When designing an extension: match the articulation of the existing building
- Use material variation to break up a large flat facade
- Horizontal bands visually reduce scale; vertical elements make it appear taller
Related terms
- Frieze: decorated horizontal strip on a facade
- Pilaster: flat engaged column against a wall
- Projecting bay: forward-projecting section of a facade
- String course: horizontal moulded band on a facade