HEA and HEB beams are European wide-flange steel sections with a cross-section shaped like an H. They have wide, parallel flanges and are widely used as load-bearing beams and columns. The number in the designation (for example HEA 200) refers roughly to the section height in millimetres.
Difference between HEA, HEB and HEM
At the same nominal size, the series differ in wall thickness and therefore in weight and load capacity:
| Series | Feature | Weight/strength |
|---|---|---|
| HEA | Thinner flanges and web | Lighter, less strong |
| HEB | Standard, thicker | Heavier, stronger |
| HEM | Extra heavy | Heaviest and strongest |
For the HEB, the actual height is roughly equal to the nominal size (HEB 200 ≈ 200 mm high); the HEA is slightly lower at the same designation and the HEM slightly higher.
Application
- Load-bearing beams — for example over an opening or a large span
- Columns — vertical load-bearing members, well suited to compression thanks to the wide flanges
- Steel-frame construction — as the main load-bearing structure
Points to watch
- Calculation by a structural engineer — the correct size and series (HEA/HEB) follow from a strength calculation; never choose by feel
- Bearing — the beam must have sufficient bearing and, if needed, a bearing plate (padstone)
- Fire resistance and corrosion — steel is treated or clad depending on the requirement
Related terms
- Steel
- Structural steel
- Beam
- IPE beam
- Lintel
Want to learn more about construction terms? Visit our knowledge base at fredsdiyplans.com.