What is an energy label?
An energy label is an official document that shows the energy performance of a dwelling or non-residential building, on a scale from A+ (very efficient) to G (very inefficient). In many European countries the label is mandatory at sale, rental and delivery of new buildings.
How is the label determined?
A certified energy assessor visits the property and evaluates:
- Year of construction and floor area
- Insulation of roof, facade and floor
- Glazing and frames — single, double, HR++ or triple
- Heating system — boiler, heat pump, district heating
- Hot water supply
- Ventilation — natural, mechanical or with heat recovery
- Solar panels and solar water heater
Label classes
| Label | Energy demand | Type of home |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | very low | Passive house |
| A | low | New build with heat pump |
| B | recently renovated | Modernised |
| C | average | Average home |
| D | moderate | Pre-renovation |
| E | poor | Older home, little insulation |
| F | very poor | Pre-war home |
| G | extremely poor | Uninsulated |
Applications
Legally required
- At sale — provide the label at transfer
- At rental — list in advertisements and lease agreements
- At new build delivery — part of building regulations (NZEB)
Penalties
If a valid label is missing, fines can be imposed by the regulator.
Validity
The label is generally valid for 10 years from issue.
Related terms
- NZEB
- EPC
- Insulation
- Energy saving
- Energy-efficient home
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