What is an Architrave?
An architrave is the lowest and load-bearing part of the entablature — the horizontal superstructure that rests on columns in classical architecture. The entablature consists of three layers from bottom to top: the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice. The architrave bears directly on the capitals (crowning elements) of the columns or pilasters and distributes the load of the construction above.
The term derives from Greek and Latin: “archi” (chief, first) and “trabes” (beam) — the architrave is literally the “chief beam.” In Greek temple architecture, the architrave was a massive stone beam spanning the gap between two columns. Roman builders adopted and refined this principle across the five classical orders: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite.
Each order gives the architrave different detailing. In the Doric system it is plain and flat. In the Ionic system it is divided into two or three horizontal bands (fasciae). In the Corinthian system it is more richly detailed.
Applications
The architrave is a fundamental term in:
- Restoration and heritage conservation: when repairing classical facades, porticos, and interior decorations
- Classical interior architecture: panelling, wall treatments, and door surrounds are sometimes based on the principle of the architrave
- Door and window surrounds: in everyday use, “architrave” refers to the decorative moulding that frames a door or window opening, covering the joint between the frame and the wall
- Furniture design: in the classical style, architrave motifs are incorporated into cabinets, beds, and tables
For DIY builders, the term architrave is most relevant as a door surround moulding: the timber or plaster profile that covers the gap between the door frame (lining) and the wall.
Related Terms
- Entablature
- Frieze
- Cornice
- Column
- Pilaster
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