A structural frame, or skeleton, is the load-bearing framework of beams, columns and trusses that supports and transfers all of a building’s loads to the foundation, before non-structural finishes are applied.
Rather than relying on solid walls to carry loads, a framed building concentrates the structural function in a network of linear members. The spaces between these members can then be filled or clad with non-load-bearing infill, giving great freedom in the layout of walls and openings.
Main components
- Columns: vertical members carrying loads downward.
- Beams: horizontal members spanning between columns.
- Trusses: triangulated assemblies for spanning large distances, often in roofs.
- Bracing: diagonal members that provide lateral stability.
Application
Structural frames are used in nearly every scale of construction.
| Material | Typical application |
|---|---|
| Steel | High-rise and industrial buildings |
| Reinforced concrete | Offices, apartments, car parks |
| Timber | Houses and low-rise buildings |
Because the frame carries the loads, external walls can be lightweight and openings can be large. The finishing, insulation and cladding are added afterwards, keeping the load path clear and efficient.
Related terms
- skeleton construction
- structure
- truss
- column
- timber frame
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