A sander is a power tool that moves sandpaper rapidly back and forth or in circles to smooth wood, metal or paint. Sanding is essential for preparing surfaces for paint, varnish or oil, and for removing imperfections.
Types of sanders
| Type | Motion | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Orbital sander (sheet sander) | Back and forth (vibration) | Flat surfaces, finishing |
| Random orbital sander | Rotating + vibrating | All-round, fast and fine at the same time |
| Belt sander | Rotating belt | Fast material removal, coarse work |
| Detail sander (delta) | Triangular, vibration | Corners and tight spots |
Which one to choose?
- Buying one sander? — Random orbital sander (most versatile)
- Large surfaces, fast? — Belt sander
- Fine finishing? — Orbital sander
- Hard-to-reach corners? — Detail sander
Sandpaper (grit size)
| Grit | Application |
|---|---|
| 40-60 | Coarse — removing paint, heavy material removal |
| 80-120 | Medium — shaping, levelling, preparation |
| 150-180 | Fine — preparation for paint/varnish |
| 220-320 | Very fine — sanding between coats, finishing |
Always work from coarse to fine: start with 80, then 120, then 180.
Tips
- With the grain — Always sand in the direction of the wood grain
- Do not press too hard — Let the machine do the work. Pressing causes burn marks.
- Dust extraction — Connect a vacuum. Wood dust is unhealthy.
- Dust mask — Wear a P2 mask, especially with MDF and treated wood
Related terms
- Cordless drill
- Planer