What is a nave?
The nave (Dutch: schip) is the main body of a church: the central space with its side aisles, from the entrance up to the transept or, where there is no transept, up to the choir. This is where the congregation sits or stands during services.
The exact definition varies: sometimes only the central space is called the nave, and the lower spaces on either side are then called aisles. In Dutch the terms middenschip (central nave), zijschip (side aisle) and dwarsschip (transept) are used alongside beuk (bay or aisle).
Origin of the word
The word comes from the Latin navis (ship). It probably acquired the meaning “church interior” because the Greek naos (temple) was associated with naus (ship). Another explanation is the resemblance of a church roof to an upturned ship’s hull. The Dutch schip and German Kirchenschiff come from the same idea.
Types
- Basilica: a tall central nave with lower side aisles; the nave is lit by windows in the clerestory above the aisle roofs.
- Hall church: the nave and aisles are (almost) the same height.
- Aisleless church: a single nave without side aisles.
Application
The term is used in building history, restoration and the conversion of churches. Points to watch when converting a church:
- Structure: the nave is often spanned by a timber roof or a vault that pushes outwards. New floors or walls must not upset this balance. Involve a structural engineer experienced in historic buildings.
- Building physics: large, tall spaces with single glazing and solid walls are hard to heat. Insulating without causing damp problems needs a tailored approach.
- Listed status: many churches are listed; alterations then require consent.
Related Terms
- Side aisle
- Transept
- Choir
- Basilica
- Hall church
- Clerestory
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