A mullioned-and-transomed window is a frame divided into four sections by a horizontal and a vertical member, creating a cross-shaped pattern. It is a historic window type commonly found in traditional Dutch architecture, as well as in modern restorations and listed buildings.
Components of a mullioned-and-transomed window
- Stiles — the vertical timber or steel members on the outer edges of the frame
- Rails — the horizontal members at the top and bottom
- Mullion — the central vertical divider in the middle of the frame
- Transom — the horizontal divider that separates the frame into upper and lower sections
- Casements — the opening parts (window sashes) in the four sections
Variants
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| **Mullioned-and-transomed window** | A mullion + a transom = 4 sections |
| **T-window** | Only a horizontal transom = 2 sections top/bottom |
| **Double frame** | Only a vertical mullion = 2 sections side by side |
| **Single frame** | No divider = 1 section |
Historical context
The mullioned-and-transomed window is iconic in Dutch architecture from the 15th to the 18th century. Classic canal houses, farmhouses and town houses almost always feature mullioned-and-transomed windows. The original material was oak; later pine with leaded glazing.
Restoration and listed buildings
When restoring listed buildings, it is often compulsory to retain or reconstruct the original mullioned-and-transomed window. Modern alternatives in aluminium or plastic are in many cases not permitted by the local authority or the National Heritage Agency.
Making or replacing a mullioned-and-transomed window
| Option | Cost (indication) | Suitable for |
|---|---|---|
| Ready-made timber mullioned window | EUR 300 – 800 per frame | New build, renovation |
| Bespoke (joiner) | EUR 600 – 1,500 | Restoration, listed buildings |
| Prefab aluminium | EUR 400 – 900 | Modern interpretation |
Related terms
- Frame
- Jamb
- Reveal
- Sill
- Glazing
- French door