A Greek cross is a cross with four arms of equal length, meeting at right angles at the centre. In architecture it forms the basic plan of many centrally planned churches, known as Greek-cross churches, where the four equal arms radiate from a central space.
Characteristics
- Four equal arms — unlike the Latin cross, which has one longer arm
- Central symmetry — the plan is symmetrical about its centre point
- Central focus — a dome or tower often crowns the crossing
- Balanced form — the equal arms give the building a compact, harmonious shape
Application
In architecture
- Central-plan churches — especially in Byzantine and Renaissance architecture
- Domed buildings — the crossing carries a dome over the centre
- Memorials and pavilions — the balanced form suits symmetrical monuments
Compared with other plans
- The Latin cross, with one long arm, gives a directional, nave-focused plan
- The Greek cross gives a centralised, radial plan focused on the crossing
Related Terms
- Cruciform church
- Central-plan building
- Dome
- Transept
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