What is a Crossing (Architecture)?

The crossing is the space formed at the point where the main nave of a church intersects with the transept (the cross-arm). This intersection forms the heart of a cruciform church plan. The crossing is typically the most prominent space in the church and is often crowned with a dome, a crossing tower (lantern tower), or a lantern that admits additional light into the interior.

Structurally, the crossing is a challenging construction: the four large arches that mark the intersection must absorb the forces of the overlying dome or tower and transfer them to the piers or columns at the four corners. This requires substantial structural members such as crossing piers or compound piers (bundle piers).

The term crossing has been used in ecclesiastical architecture for centuries, but also retains its meaning in modern architecture and construction when describing central intersection points in large buildings.

Applications

The crossing is primarily a term from religious architecture and heritage conservation. When restoring or converting churches and other historic buildings, it is essential to understand the crossing construction: the crossing arches, piers, and foundations must be sufficiently strong to support the weight of any crossing tower.

For DIY builders, the crossing is less immediately relevant, but anyone renovating a historic building or overseeing a church conversion will regularly encounter this term in specifications and architectural drawings.

Related Terms

• Side aisle
• Transept
• Nave
• Dome
• Pilaster

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