What is a cross window frame?
A cross window frame (Dutch: kruiskozijn) is a window frame divided by a horizontal and a vertical bar into four lights, creating a cross-shaped pattern. It is a historic window form found frequently in the traditional Dutch architectural style, as well as in modern restorations and listed buildings.
Components of a cross window frame
- Jambs — the vertical timber or steel members on the outside of the frame
- Rails — the horizontal members top and bottom
- Mullion — the central vertical divider in the middle of the frame
- Transom — the horizontal divider that splits the frame into upper and lower lights
- Casements — the opening sections (window sashes) in the four lights
Variants
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Cross window frame | One mullion + one transom → 4 lights |
| T-frame | Only a horizontal transom → 2 lights top/bottom |
| Double frame | Only a vertical mullion → 2 lights side by side |
| Single frame | No dividers → 1 light |
Historical context
The cross window frame is iconic in Dutch architecture from the 15th to 18th century. Classic canal-side buildings, farmhouses and town houses almost always have cross window frames. The material was originally oak; later pine with leaded glazing.
Restoration and listed buildings
When restoring listed buildings it is often required to retain or reconstruct the original cross window frame. Modern alternatives in aluminium or PVC are in many cases not permitted by the local authority or heritage body.
Making or replacing a cross window frame?
| Option | Cost (indication) | Suitable for |
|---|---|---|
| Ready-made timber cross frame | €300 – €800 per frame | New build, renovation |
| Bespoke (joiner) | €600 – €1,500 | Restoration, listed buildings |
| Prefabricated aluminium | €400 – €900 | Modern interpretation |
Related terms
- Window frame
- Reveal
- Window reveal
- Window sill
- Glazing
- French door