A colonnade is a row of freestanding columns supporting a horizontal beam (architrave) or series of arches, often forming a covered walkway or portico.
How is a colonnade constructed?
A colonnade consists of a series of columns placed at regular intervals, typically on a shared base or stylobate. The columns carry an entablature — the horizontal structure comprising the architrave, frieze and cornice — or a sequence of arches. The resulting covered space provides shelter from sun and rain while allowing air circulation and visual openness.
The spacing between columns (intercolumniation) follows established proportional systems. Closer spacing creates a sense of enclosure and strength; wider spacing produces a lighter, more open appearance. Column proportions — diameter to height — are governed by the classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) or by modern structural calculations.
Historical significance
Colonnades appear in architecture from ancient Egypt and Greece through Roman, Renaissance and Neoclassical periods. They served practical functions — sheltered circulation in marketplaces and temples — and symbolic ones, conveying authority and grandeur. The stoa of ancient Greek agoras and the peristyle of Roman villas are early examples of colonnade architecture.
Applications
- Entrance porticos of public buildings and courthouses
- Covered walkways connecting building wings
- Arcaded ground floors in urban commercial streets
- Peristyle courtyards in residential and institutional buildings
- Monumental approaches to civic and religious structures
Related terms
Want to learn more about construction terms? Visit our knowledge base at fredsdiyplans.com.