A Celtic cross (Dutch: keltisch kruis) is a cross whose four arms are joined by a ring around the intersection. This form — a cross with a circle over the crossing — is best known from the freestanding stone crosses (high crosses) erected from the early Middle Ages in Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Form and features
- Ring around the crossing — the most recognisable feature; the circle encloses the point where the arms meet.
- Richly decorated — the stone high crosses are often covered with interlace and knotwork, spirals and biblical scenes.
- Natural stone — traditionally carved from a single block of stone, sometimes several metres high.
The ring gave the cross not only meaning but, on large stone crosses, a practical function too: it connects and strengthens the projecting arms.
Application
- Freestanding high crosses — as memorial, grave or marker monuments at churches and monasteries.
- Decoration and ornament — the motif recurs in facade ornament, stained glass, grave monuments and memorials.
- Symbolism — as a Christian symbol with Celtic roots.
Points to watch
- As building ornament the Celtic cross is used in carved natural stone, cast work or stained glass.
- When restoring old high crosses, the weathering of the fine interlace is an important concern.
Related terms
- Cross
- Saint Andrew’s cross
- Ornament
- Gothic
- Natural stone
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