A cave dwelling is a home dug out of the soil or of soft rock, or largely covered with earth. The surrounding ground acts as a thick, insulating mantle: it is relatively warm inside in winter and cool in summer. Cave dwellings have traditionally occurred in regions with soft, easily worked rock such as loess, tuff or marl, and live on in the modern earth house or earth-sheltered house.
Why build into the earth
- Stable temperature — the mass of the ground dampens the fluctuations; the temperature deep in the ground stays fairly constant all year
- Protection — against wind, rain and temperature extremes
- Fitting into the landscape — a roof covered with grass or plants blends into the surroundings
Points to note
When building in or under the ground, good waterproofing, drainage and ventilation are essential: moisture and a lack of fresh air are the biggest risks. The structure must also be able to carry the earth pressure and the weight of any grass roof. Daylight enters through an open front, roof lights or light shafts.
Application
Historically as a simple dwelling in rocky regions; today as a sustainable earth house, in which the earth reduces the energy demand for heating and cooling.
Related terms
- Earth house
- Green roof
- Basement
- Insulation
- Waterproofing
- Loess
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