A calyx capital (Dutch: kelkkapiteel) is a capital (column head) shaped like an inverted chalice or flower bud: narrow at the bottom and widening towards the top. It forms the transition from the round shaft of the column to the often square cover slab (abacus) or the arch above.
Form and function
The calyx shape gives a natural, load-bearing transition from round to square. The underside meets the column, and the top widens to take up the load of the arch or entablature and spread it over the shaft:
- Flower-calyx shape — like an opening flower bud or a drinking cup.
- Transition piece — from circular shaft to rectangular abacus.
- Bearing surface — widens upward to spread the load above.
Application
- Egyptian architecture — calyx and bud capitals modelled on the lotus and papyrus plant are characteristic.
- Romanesque architecture — the calyx (cushion-calyx) capital is common in churches and cloisters, often plain or with simple foliage.
- Use — carries arches, vaults and entablatures.
Points to watch
- The calyx capital is often combined with a cover slab (abacus) that squares the connection to the arch.
- It differs from the foliate capital (with acanthus or leaf motifs) and the bud capital by its smooth, flaring calyx form.
- Traditionally carved from natural stone; the carving requires craftsmanship.
Related terms
- Capital
- Foliate capital
- Column
- Ornament
- Order of architecture
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