A building is a structure that is roofed and wholly or largely enclosed by walls, intended to house people, animals or goods. It is therefore a specific category within the broader concept of a “structure”.
Features
A building is distinguished from other structures by several typical properties:
- Roofed: a roof is always present.
- Enclosed: the space is (largely) bounded by walls.
- Accessible: it is intended for use by people, animals or the storage of goods.
The difference from a structure is important: “structure” is a broader term that also covers constructions which are not buildings, such as bridges, retaining walls, masts and fences.
The main components of a building are:
- Foundation: transfers the loads to the subsoil.
- Load-bearing structure: the bearing walls, columns and floors.
- Facade: the outer shell that keeps out climate and intrusion.
- Roof: the top enclosure of the building.
Application
Buildings occur in almost every form: homes, offices, factory halls, schools and hospitals.
- Building regulations set requirements for safety, health, energy efficiency and usability.
- The intended use determines which performance requirements a building must meet.
Related terms
- Structure
- Construction
- Foundation
- Facade
- Use function
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