A block step is a solid, monolithic step element made from a single piece of natural stone, precast concrete, or dense masonry. Unlike built-up steps that consist of separate tread and riser components, a block step is one continuous mass, giving it exceptional strength and durability.
Design and construction
Each block step is a self-supporting unit with an integrated tread (the horizontal surface you walk on) and riser (the vertical face). Typical dimensions are 300-350 mm deep, 150-180 mm high, and as wide as the staircase requires — often 800-1200 mm for residential use and wider for commercial or public buildings.
Natural stone block steps are cut from granite, bluestone, sandstone, or limestone. Precast concrete block steps are manufactured in moulds and may be reinforced with steel. In both cases, the weight of each step is considerable, which contributes to the solidity and permanence of the finished staircase.
Block steps can be built as freestanding stacks, where each step is simply placed on the one below with its tread projecting forward, or they can be set into a slope or retaining wall. The joint between steps may be dry-laid, bedded in mortar, or fixed with adhesive depending on the material and the structural requirements.
Application
Block steps are most commonly used in exterior applications: front entrance stairs, garden terraces, public buildings, churches, and monument steps. They are chosen for their robustness, weather resistance, and low maintenance. A well-built stone block staircase can last centuries with minimal upkeep.
In modern residential construction, precast concrete block steps are a popular and cost-effective alternative to natural stone. They can be finished with a smooth, textured, or exposed-aggregate surface to improve slip resistance. Anti-slip inserts or coatings are recommended in wet climates.
Related terms
- Tread and riser
- Bullnose step
- Precast concrete
Want to learn more about construction terms? Visit our knowledge base at fredsdiyplans.com.