What is a baluster?
A baluster is a short, decorative post that together with other balusters forms a balustrade or handrail. Balusters are the vertical infill pieces between the top rail (handrail) and the bottom rail of a fence, staircase, balcony or terrace. They prevent people — particularly children — from falling through the gap.
Baluster vs. balustrade
A balustrade is the complete railing; the balusters are the individual posts within it. A balustrade consists of:
- Bottom rail — the horizontal bar at the bottom
- Balusters — the vertical posts
- Handrail — the top horizontal bar
Materials
| Material | Application | Lifespan |
|---|---|---|
| Timber (spruce/pine) | Staircase, veranda, terrace | 10-25 years with maintenance |
| Hardwood (oak, teak) | Outdoor, luxury look | 20-40 years |
| Stainless steel | Modern, outdoor | 40+ years |
| Aluminium | Lightweight, rust-free | 30+ years |
| Glass (panels) | Modern, unobstructed view | 20+ years |
Safety guidelines (Building Regulations)
Building regulations set requirements for balusters and balustrades:
- Minimum balustrade height: 1.0 metre (where fall height exceeds 1 metre)
- Maximum gap between balusters: 100 mm (so a child cannot pass through)
- Stair balustrade: minimum 0.9 metres high at inclinations up to 45°
- Publicly accessible buildings: minimum 1.2 metres high
Installation
- Centre-to-centre spacing of balusters: maximum 100 mm
- Use a template or spacing block for equal intervals
- Always treat outdoor timber with primer and paint or a clear preservative
Related terms
- Balustrade
- Framework
- Landing
- Building Regulations
- Deck board
- Handrail