What are R-phrases?
R-phrases (risk phrases) are standardised warning phrases that European rules required on the packaging and labels of hazardous products. Each phrase had a number and described a specific hazard. The accompanying S-phrases (safety phrases) gave the precautions to take.
Where a product had several risks, the numbers were listed together, for example R 11-38-51/53-65-67. A slash indicates a combined phrase.
Examples of R-phrases
| Code | Meaning |
|---|---|
| R11 | Highly flammable |
| R38 | Irritating to skin |
| R43 | May cause sensitisation by skin contact |
| R65 | Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed |
| R67 | Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness |
Replaced by H-statements
Under the EU CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, R- and S-phrases were replaced by H-statements (hazard) and P-statements (precautionary). This applied to substances from 1 December 2010 and to mixtures such as paints, adhesives and sealants from 1 June 2015. The old orange hazard symbols were replaced by pictograms in a white diamond with a red border.
Common H-statements on building products:
| Code | Meaning | Typical products |
|---|---|---|
| H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour | Solvent-based paints, thinners, contact adhesive |
| H315 | Causes skin irritation | Cement, epoxy |
| H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction | Cement, epoxy resins, some sealants |
| H318 | Causes serious eye damage | Cement, lime |
| H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness | Solvents |
Practical tips
- Old tins with R-phrases in the shed or garage have not become harmless. The label still describes the hazards.
- Get the safety data sheet (SDS) from the manufacturer. It sets out hazards, protective measures and first aid.
- Read the P-statements: they tell you which gloves, eye protection or ventilation you need.
- Dispose of leftovers as household hazardous waste at your local recycling centre. Never pour paint, thinners or adhesive down the sink.
- Keep products in their original containers so the label stays readable.
Related terms
- Cement
- Asbestos
- Pigment
- Plastics
Want to learn more about construction terms? Visit our knowledge base at fredsdiyplans.com.