Geometric figures are the basic shapes from geometry, such as the circle, triangle, rectangle and ellipse, that are used in construction drawings and structures to represent dimensions, areas and forms accurately.
In construction, geometric figures are the building blocks of every drawing. They make it possible to calculate and execute designs precisely.
Important geometric figures
- Circle: used for round columns, arches and openings; area = π × r².
- Triangle: essential for stability in trusses and roof structures.
- Rectangle: the most common shape for walls, floors and windows; area = length × width.
- Square: a rectangle with equal sides, often used in grid divisions.
- Ellipse: applied in vaults and decorative arches.
Application
Geometric figures are used in construction drawings to:
- Calculate areas and volumes (for example concrete per m³).
- Design structures for stability, such as triangles in trusses.
- Represent dimensioning and scale correctly.
| Figure | Area formula |
|---|---|
| Rectangle | l × w |
| Triangle | ½ × b × h |
| Circle | π × r² |
The triangle in particular plays a central role: because of its fixed shape it is the only polygon that does not deform under load, which makes it ideal for load-bearing structures.
Related terms
- Construction drawing
- Dimensioning
- Structure
- Geodesy
- Scale
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