What is a piezometer?
A piezometer measures the pore water pressure in the ground at a specific depth. Types, the difference from a groundwater monitoring well and uses on embankments, excavations and fills.
What is a water hammer arrestor?
A water hammer arrestor absorbs pressure surges in water pipes with a cushion of gas or air, so the pipes stop banging. How it works, types, where to fit it and installation tips.
What is water hammer?
Water hammer is a pressure surge in a water pipe caused by suddenly stopping or starting the flow, heard as a loud bang. Causes, a worked example, risks and fixes.
What is flooding from heavy rain and groundwater?
Surface water flooding, sewer backflow and high groundwater cause much damage to homes. Causes, insurance points and practical measures for house and garden.
What is the initial rate of absorption (IRA) of bricks?
The initial rate of absorption (IRA) shows how quickly a dry masonry unit sucks up water. Testing to EN 772-11, why it matters for mortar choice and wetting, and practical tips.
What is a hydroelectric power plant?
A hydroelectric power plant converts the energy of falling or flowing water into electricity with a turbine and generator. Types, the power formula with a worked example and notes on small-scale hydro.
What is water glass injection?
Water glass injection creates a retrofit damp-proof course against rising damp by injecting silicate solution into drilled holes. Method, limitations and practical tips.
What is waterproofing?
Waterproofing makes a building element impermeable to water, even under pressure. Systems for basements, roofs and bathrooms, which side to seal and common mistakes.
What is the water-cement ratio?
The water-cement ratio (w/c) is the mass of water divided by the mass of cement in concrete or mortar. How to calculate it, why it controls strength and durability, and how to keep it low.
What is a verge weather board?
A verge weather board covers the gap between the bargeboard and the first row of roof tiles on a pitched roof to keep out driving rain. Detailing, alternatives and maintenance tips.