What is plastic deformation?

Plastic deformation is permanent change of shape: once the load is removed, the material does not spring back to its original form.

What is a plasticizer?

A plasticizer is an admixture that makes concrete workable with less water — with the distinction from superplasticizers and practical points to watch.

What is plasticity?

Plasticity is a material’s ability to deform permanently without breaking — in steel, in soil (plasticity index) and in fresh mortar.

What is a ceiling hanger?

A ceiling hanger connects the carrying channel of a suspended ceiling to the structure above — types, spacings and acoustic tips.

What is sheet material?

Sheet material covers building boards such as plywood, OSB, MDF and plasterboard — with standard sizes, selection criteria and working tips.

What is a plate girder?

A plate girder is a welded steel beam built up from separate plates — covering web, flanges, stiffeners and use over long spans.

What is a raft foundation?

A raft foundation is a single continuous reinforced concrete slab under the whole building, spreading load over a large area — uses and pitfalls.

What is rammed earth (pisé)?

Rammed earth or pisé is a technique in which moist earth is compacted layer by layer in formwork into a solid wall — requirements and pitfalls.