What is a spandrel?
A spandrel (in Dutch zwik or gewelfzwik) is the triangular or wedge-shaped area between an arch and the rectangular frame around it. You see them, for example, above a round-arched window or door set within a rectangular surround, or between two arches meeting on a column. In German it is called Zwickel.
Meanings of the Dutch term
- Corner area beside an arch: the most common meaning and the equivalent of spandrel. It lies in the same plane as the facade or wall. Where an arch meets a wall there is only half a spandrel (Dutch halfzwik).
- Transition in a dome: in a dome over a square space, the curved triangular vault that leads from the square to the circular base of the dome is also called a zwik in Dutch. In English this is a pendentive.
- Any wedge-shaped part: such as a wooden peg used to close the air hole of a barrel.
Decoration
Spandrels were a popular place for ornament because the area has a clear, enclosed shape. They contain medallions, foliage, figures and decorative brickwork. A spandrel decorated with a fan motif is called a waaierzwik (fan spandrel) in Dutch.
Practical points for restoration and alterations
- Structurally, the masonry in the spandrel helps keep the arch stable by holding it in place at the sides. Do not remove spandrel masonry without advice.
- Moisture: decorative brickwork and stone in spandrels are often exposed to rain. Check joints and junctions during maintenance.
- Listed buildings: alterations to facade ornament on a protected building usually require consent.
Related terms
- Round arch
- Waaierzwik
- Pendentive
- Spandrel fill
- Dome
Want to learn more about construction terms? Visit our knowledge base at fredsdiyplans.com.