What is a ledger stone?
A ledger stone (also grave slab, in Dutch zerk or grafzerk) is the flat stone that lies over a grave and covers it, usually rectangular in shape. The Dutch word zerk originally meant the lid stone of a coffin; its meaning later broadened to the horizontal slab on top of a grave. Unlike a ledger stone, a headstone (stele) stands upright.
Inscription and symbols
A ledger stone usually carries the name, the dates of birth and death and often a personal text, the epitaph. The date of birth is often marked with a star and the date of death with a cross. Old churches often have ledger stones set into the floor above burial vaults. These are frequently of heritage value and are recorded and protected during restoration work.
Application and materials
- Natural stone: granite (hard, wear-resistant, takes a high polish) and marble are common. Marble is sensitive to acid rain and weathers faster outdoors.
- Other materials: concrete, brick, timber and glass are also used, mainly for personal designs.
- Size and shape: many cemeteries have regulations on dimensions, materials and finish. Always ask for them before commissioning a design.
Practical tips
- Firm support: a heavy horizontal slab needs a level, load-bearing base or it will settle unevenly. Leave the placing to a monumental mason.
- Slight fall: a small slope stops water standing on the stone and reduces moss and dirt.
- Maintenance: clean with water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and pressure washers, which can damage the surface and the lettering.
- Lettering: carved letters last longer than applied ones. Gilding or paint in the letters needs renewing after some years.
Related terms
- Granite
- Marble
- Natural stone maintenance
- Natural stone replacement
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