What is the Ionic order?
The Ionic order is one of the classical Greek architectural orders, recognisable by a slender, fluted column with a capital bearing two spiral scrolls (volutes). The order arose in the eastern, Ionian part of the Greek world and sits between the plain Doric and the rich Corinthian order.
Characteristics
The Ionic order can be recognised by a number of fixed parts:
- Volutes — the capital has two rolled-up scrolls, its most distinctive feature.
- Slender column — the column is more slender than the Doric; the ratio of height to diameter is greater.
- Base — unlike the Doric column, the Ionic column stands on a moulded base.
- Fluting — the shaft has deep vertical grooves, separated by narrow flat fillets.
- Entablature — the entablature is often decorated with a continuous frieze.
Application and significance
The Ionic order was widely used in Greek antiquity for temples, such as the Erechtheion on the Acropolis of Athens. In Roman times and later in the Renaissance and Neoclassicism, the order was adopted as one of the fixed “orders” with which buildings were designed. The graceful volutes make the order suitable for prestigious facades, entrances and colonnades. Together with the Doric and Corinthian orders it forms the basis of classical architecture.
Related terms
- Doric
- Corinthian
- Composite order
- Column
- Order
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