Timber frame construction is a building method in which the structure consists of a frame of timber studs and rails that is sheathed and insulated. Below are some practical examples and variants.
Examples and systems
- Prefabricated wall panels — complete walls are made in the factory, including insulation and sheathing, and quickly assembled on site. The most common form.
- Platform framing — for each storey the floor (the platform) is laid first, on which that storey’s walls stand. The usual method for houses.
- Balloon framing — the studs run continuously over two storeys in one piece; an older, North American method.
- Solid timber (CLT) — not a frame but cross-laminated solid panels; a related but different timber method.
Recurring features
- Studs and rails — vertical studs at fixed spacing with horizontal rails
- Sheathing — boards (such as OSB or plasterboard) that make the wall stiff and windtight
- Insulation within the frame, so a thin wall still insulates well
Points of attention
- Building airtight and vapour-tight is essential to avoid moisture in the structure
- Good detailing against wood rot at junctions with foundation and roof
- Timber frame is light and fast but has little mass; watch sound and summer heat
Related terms
- Timber frame construction
- Timber construction
- Balloon framing
- CLT
- Skeleton construction
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